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العربية (Arabic)
Vaccines boost the animal’s immune system to produce local and systemic humoral and cellular responses to fight the infection caused by specific organisms.
The growing demand for antibiotic-free and organic productions and the rising antimicrobial resistance fuels the interest in using immunological control methods for many infectious diseases as an alternative to traditional chemotherapy.
Viral variants increase the pressure to develop vaccines that keep up with virus evolution and minimize potential mutations among vaccine viral strains.
It has been estimated that the market of poultry vaccines will grow 6% in the next five years worldwide.
This article intends to review the trends in vaccine development with a special focus on bacterial poultry vaccines.
Vaccine failure also can occur due to:
Host factors such as stress.
Immunodepression.
Interference with maternally derived antibodies.
Nutritional status.
Among other factors.
The new vaccines have been designed to overcome many of the most common issues observed in practical applications.
THE EVOLUTION OF POULTRY VACCINES
POULTRY VACCINES HAVE EVOLVED IN
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