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Avian Chlamydiosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci and is also known as Psittacosis or Ornithosis. It produces a systemic infection, mainly respiratory, and is occasionally fatal in birds and mammals, including humans.
In poultry farming, Avian Chlamydiosis manifests itself with a greater susceptibility in turkeys than in broiler chickens, causing critical economic losses in commercially raised turkeys.
For the first time, a disease similar to Avian Chlamydiosis was described in in 1879, and several subsequent outbreaks were reported in Europe, the most important being in .
In 1895 Morange coined the term psittacosis for this disease from the Greek Φιτταχοζ from which the word psittacine comes.
In 1929, the first report of avian chlamydiosis or psittacosis was detected.
In 1930, the disease spread to Austria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, , , the Netherlands, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden in Europe, Algeria, and Egypt in North Africa; Mexico, Canada and the US in North America; Japan and Australia in the Western Pacific.
From 1988 to 1998, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) received 813 records of psittacosis, considered a conservative number since this disease is challenging to diagnose and rarely reported (Johnston et al., 2000).
During the 1980s, in approximately 70% of human cases, the source of
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closed places experience a very high rate of infection that can reach 100%.
ETIOLOGY
C. psittaci is an obligate intracellular parasitic organism. It is a spherical, Gram-negative bacter...
